Hormones play essential role in the development and maturation of sperm. Therefore, hormonal imbalances can lead to fertility problems in men. Hormone tests are done with a blood sample.
Testosterone
Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in the male testicles, which is requisite for sperm production. Low testosterone directly affects fertility by causing decreased sperm production and indirectly affects fertility by reducing sex drive and causing erectile dysfunction.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and it stimulates the testicles to produce and transport mature sperm. A high FSH level indicates that the testicles are not functioning properly or have been damaged. A low FSH level indicates that the testicles are not producing sperm. Unbalanced FSH level may adversely affect sperm production.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
LH is also produced by the pituitary gland. LH stimulates testosterone production in Leydig cells. High LH level indicates that the testicles are not producing enough testosterone.
Prolactin
Prolactin is also produced by the pituitary glands. A high prolactin level decreases sex drive in men. In some cases, this can also cause erectile dysfunction and fertility problems.
